Equipment for analysing the vibration spectrum in materials

专利摘要:
The invention relates to a vibration scanner which includes a stationary base and a cushioned base inside which the object to be analysed is placed. The stationary base allows the use of a dynamic impulse system that strikes the cushioned base, producing a vibration wave and, as a result, a spectrum that is captured by sensors of the accelerometer type. The base is cushioned by springs calculated to have the tension to provide support while also allowing free oscillation. The accelerometers are arranged axially and radially to the cushioned base, making it possible to capture the vibratory signal and acquire same in computer equipment for subsequent processing, classification, storage and comparison.
公开号:ES2841122A2
申请号:ES202090062
申请日:2019-06-07
公开日:2021-07-07
发明作者:Urrego Leonardo Rodriguez；Leon Herberth Gracia
申请人:Univ Ean；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

[0004] DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0006] Today there are different methods worldwide that allow you to scan the contents of a package without having to open it, a classic example is an airport scanner that allows you to scan the contents of a suitcase. However, the identification of these scanners by their technology is done by images, shapes and colors and not really by the material that is inside, which limits their use. Currently, it is impossible to differentiate between water or ethyl alcohol in a container and that can be very dangerous, therefore, the regulations with liquids and other elements must be strong to avoid a plane crash. In addition to this, the prices associated with these technologies are high, their machinery is robust and not very flexible regarding its handling. The same happens with other types of scanners, whether they are x-ray lasers or ultrasound like the one used in some technical inspections or in pregnant women.
[0008] Due to all of the above, some industries have sought by all means to know what is inside a package, whether large or small, without the need to open it, with more precision and with cheaper, less robust and more flexible technologies. This was the first link in the idea that triggered the design and construction of the first prototype created for the analysis of vibrations in static systems of the present invention.
[0010] In this way, the present invention refers to the scanning of products, systems or containers in a faster, non-invasive, economical and robust way using the analysis of vibrations of the materials to be able to perform a classification or scanning by material as opposed to image, color or contour detection as other scanners do.
[0012] The present invention therefore relates to a vibration scanner that includes a static base and a damped base within which the object to be analyzed will be placed. The damped base will allow the use of a dynamic impulse system that will impact the damped base producing a vibration wave and as a result a spectrum that will be captured by accelerometer-type sensors. The base is cushioned thanks to springs calculated under tension to give support, but at the same time allow free oscillation. The vibratory signals are captured through accelerometers located axially and radially to the damped base, which allow the signal to be acquired in a computer equipment for further processing, classifying, saving and comparing it.
[0014] The present invention turns out to be a novel and practical source of information that is fed back into the new field of application of vibration analysis, which is currently used in dynamic or moving systems, mainly in the diagnosis and monitoring of faults in rotating systems, machines, motors, generators, etc. The invention aims to detach itself from these areas, in order to perform a static analysis on any type of element, taking advantage of the vibration and specific natural frequency generated by each material in nature regardless of its solid, liquid or even gaseous state.
[0016] BACKGROUND
[0018] The present invention arose from the problem raised in the European Offshore Wind Turbine Project (Wind Turbine at sea) with the Acciona Energía Company, who studied vibration analysis in order to carry out predictive maintenance on wind turbines and a platform. monitoring of their status called "Condition monitoring" in English. Said vibration analysis revealed certain conditions of the elements in motion or whose dynamic behavior presented differences according to: bearings, shafts, gearbox, housings and others.
[0020] In this way, it is possible to identify that the vibration produced by any rotating element and the different amplitude peaks that appear at some specific frequencies of the analyzed spectra, represent the state or condition of the rotating element; and according to mechanical analysis. In accordance with the above, specific frequencies of the state of the elements have been determined, such as, for example, a defect in a ball of a bearing, or the misalignment of a shaft.
[0022] The state of the art comprises different developments that involve the analysis of materials by means of vibration that refer to specific uses such as patent document EP1324031A2 entitled "Ground anchorage testing system" which refers to a method to evaluate the integrity of anchors to the ground. , determining the vibratory response of a load impulse emitted to the material to be tested and the generation of electrical signals that indicate the response; where such a system is used on site and is specifically designed for anchoring systems that are difficult to access and otherwise check. This development therefore did not solve the problem of being able to determine remotely by means of a portable system, the contents of a box based on a vibration system using springs.
[0024] On the other hand, patent document GB1082934A entitled "Apparatus for defect analysis and classification of workpieces" which refers to an apparatus comprising a detector unit that includes a known type of flaw sensor that operates according to the principle of eddy currents that It has a search coil that is connected and determines the frequency of an oscillator, whose output is amplified and a rectified voltage is fed back through a level control and filter that maintains the amplitude of the oscillation constant.
[0026] This previous system offered the possibility of obtaining a spectrum of the state of pieces for construction analyzed together with a reference material through its vibration spectrum, but it does not constitute a system that allows the identification of different patterns according to the box and the system of mechanical vibration required.
[0028] For its part, document MX2011004811A entitled "Method and device for vibration analysis and sample database for the same and use of a sample database" refers to a method and apparatus for acoustic emission analysis, and that produces resulting and evaluated vibrations, in which it is subjected to a vibration spectrum at various times or continuously and a multivariate analysis.
[0030] Despite having a similar conceptual basis, such developments present systems of great complexity and little versatility to be applicable in different uses such as in the determination of patterns that indicate the components or types of materials present in a closed container.
[0032] This engineering problem was addressed by the inventors of the present development when faced with the arrival of Chinese immigrants in containers that came from that country and the impossibility of opening all the containers at the time they arrived in ships due to the large volume of these. The port and its engineering department thought of solutions such as artificial vision, however, this implied opening each container, which made it unfeasible. The use of large scanners such as those used in airports is equally unfeasible due to logistics, location and cost.
[0034] Therefore, in order to solve this problem, the inventors proposed to carry out a vibration analysis using portable equipment to hold the containers and the use of jib cranes as an oscillating element and a system that will hit the container to produce vibration. as well as the identification of patterns of the internal components of the container.
[0036] The proposed solution has extraordinary advantages over others such as scanners or cameras. Compared to the first, the scanners are not portable machines, their price is too high to have one in each parcel delivery and reception center or in the parcel transport vehicle, they are also usually large and can be slow to deliver. the results and there are internal elements such as electronic system boards that do not allow an accurate verification to be carried out. However, it must be made clear that they are the most widely used systems today and use a non-invasive technique with respect to packaging. The issue of cameras has a big problem and it is the invasive technique necessary for the insertion of the camera, no matter how small it may be, however, they have other drawbacks such as internal visibility, the location of the elements due to the internal maneuvering space, the inner packing (plastic, paper, cloth, cardboard, among others) that does not allow to see the real state of the article or articles, some advantages such as possible portability, speed and perhaps low cost. Faced with these two great solution possibilities, our proposal offers great advantages such as the cost of each verification device or machine, portability both in shipping and receiving offices and in transport vehicles, the ease of handling by any type of operator with basic instructions, the possibility of printing the spectrum or spectra in the shipment for the customer to sign and verify them at the end of the delivery, the easy calibration according to the size, type or handling of the package and finally the non-invasive technique that It gives the customer the peace of mind that their package has not been tampered with or violated.
[0038] For all the above, since 2016 the inventors have been working at the EAN University developing a prototype of this vibration system with the support of Colciencias, obtaining positive results and carrying out surprisingly the classification of different types of materials in their vibration spectrum for pattern identification as described below.
[0040] DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0042] Figure 1 identifies the signature extraction methodology from the vibration spectrum analysis, referred to by the inventors as "ViSPA Signature" (Vibration Spectrum Analysis) of any element to be analyzed.
[0044] In general, and in accordance with figures 1 - 11, the methodology for using the prototype to extract the ViSPA Signature from products or elements and compare their similarity is carried out as follows:
[0046] 1. Place the product or element from which the ViSPA Signature is to be extracted inside the vibrating box or on top of the tray ( 2).
[0048] 2. Start the ViSPA Signature extraction and saving software application.
[0050] 3. Impact the vibrating box with the percussion system or linear actuator ( 4).
[0052] 4. Capture the vibration signal in the software using the vibration sensors or accelerometers ( 5 and 6).
[0054] 5. Repeat steps 3 and 4 two more times in order to average the results.
[0055] 6. Verify the n ViSPA signatures and their similarities in the quantitative characterization in frequency.
[0057] 7. Save the resulting ViSPA signature of the product or item.
[0059] The methodology for the process of verifying a specific product through its ViSPA signature is carried out according to the following steps:
[0061] 1. Perform steps 1 through 4 of the signature extraction procedure.
[0063] 2. Compare the saved ViSPA signature against the ViSPA signature database and identify the one with the greatest similarity.
[0064] 3. Visually inform which product or products are similar, the same or similar according to the application.
[0066] This product scanner type system based on static vibration analysis is made up of a few minimum physical mechanical characteristics listed below. However, for some specific applications, the person skilled in the art may, in accordance with the present invention, make some changes to the base systems such as those that will be seen later.
[0068] 1. A static base (1) that is separated from the cushioned base (2) using springs (3) to prevent the passage of vibration from the cushioned base (2) to the static base (1).
[0070] 2. A cushioned base (2) that allows to introduce or place elements or products to be analyzed and that allows the vibration to be transmitted to these products.
[0072] 3. An impact or impulse system for generating vibration (4) to the damped base (2) and therefore to the elements inserted therein.
[0074] 4. A sensorization system based on vibration meters or accelerometers to capture the spectrum of vibration produced (5 and 6).
[0076] In a preferred embodiment, the damped base or vibrating box (2) can be made of Cold Rolled steel to fulfill the effect of a vibration transmitter.
[0078] In another particular embodiment of the invention, (figure 2) the prototype consists of a static base (1) and a damped base (2) that allows the transmission of mechanical vibrations to the elements under study by means of a linear actuator or pistil (4) that will impact the upper tray (2) and at the same time allows access to the signals produced by the objects. For this, the base (2) has robust and flexible fasteners (3) that allow its prolonged vibration.
[0080] In another more preferred embodiment of the invention there are two boxes as seen in figures 4 and 5, one (2) contained within the other (1), joined by springs (3) thus achieving a vibration of the inner box taking the exterior as a reference system. The internal vibrating box (2) seen in figure 3 has threaded holes for the positioning of sensors and the extraction of information from axial (5) and radial (6) vibrations. The separation between both boxes is given by the springs (3) calculated under tension and with the ability to transmit the least amount of vibration to the static box (1) and store and distribute the vibration in the vibrating box. Likewise, Figures 3, 4 and 5 show the location of the front and rear springs (3) and sensors of the axial (5) and radial (6) accelerometer type.
[0082] It should also be taken into account that the inner box (2) must be struck to achieve its vibration, therefore, the outer box (1) has an opening that allows the excitation blow to the vibrating box (4).
[0084] In another preferred embodiment, the design has a passage for the wiring and a distance between boxes that allows the positioning of the sensors, linear impact actuator and cables.
[0086] In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the equipment or vibration scanner comprises a portable impulse system (10) which adheres to a container using electromagnets (12). Said portable impulse system (10) will be in charge of producing the vibration and will be coupled to the container when it is hoisted, supported by two sensor systems (13 and 14). The system will receive the signal to enable the linear pulse actuator (4) by radio frequency and the sensing system (13, 14) will send the spectrum information also by radio frequency. This prototype has an industrial use applied to the transport sector and in this case specific to the analysis of the internal content of the containers.
[0088] Below are three examples of product identification made within the different prototype applications:
[0090] EXAMPLES
[0092] 1. Example 1 . Quality control on conveyor belts to verify the status of food or other products.
[0094] 2. Example 2. Parcel identification with respect to internal content. ( Described above)
[0096] 3. Example 3. Portable identification system adaptable to containers for the identification of internal products.
[0097] In the future, a system for identifying the state of the human body and its parts is in the ideation and design phase, in order to identify problems or possible diseases.
[0099] EXAMPLE 1
[0100] QA
[0102] This system according to figure 2 comprises two bases: a static base and a cushioned base. The static base (1) used is itself the impact actuator. This actuator is called electrodynamic shaker or static base (1) and it produces a vibration frequency that is transferred to an upper tray in Cold Rolled steel, in this specific case the tray is the cushioned or dynamic base (2). This tray is supported by four springs (3). The electrodynamic shaker is activated by a linear or pistil actuator (4) that will impact the upper tray with a control system to produce the desired frequency and amplitude. The material placed on the upper tray (2) will receive the entire vibration frequency induced by the shaker and will react by printing its corresponding dissipation on the material to be identified at this frequency. This dissipation will be measured with axial (5) and radial (6) accelerometer type sensors and will allow the state of the material to be analyzed to be identified. This prototype has an industrial use of quality control applied largely to the food sector.
[0104] The following explanation of the parts refers to figure 2:
[0106] 1. Electrodynamic shaker (static base)
[0108] 2. Top tray in Cold Rolled steel (dynamic base)
[0110] 3. Compression springs (four (4) springs)
[0112] 4. Shaker linear actuator (pistil that will impact the upper tray)
[0114] 5. Accelerometer type sensor (Axial)
[0116] 6. Accelerometer type sensor (Radial)
[0117] EXAMPLE 2.
[0118] Parcel Identification.
[0120] This system according to figures 3, 4 and 5 serves to place objects inside the vibrating box (2), the objects cannot exceed the internal size of this box. After being placed, an electric linear actuator (4) is activated, striking the box, producing vibration on it and transmitting it to the object to be analyzed. The accelerometer sensors (5 and 6) capture and send this signal to a computer to save it and then be able to compare it. This prototype has an industrial use in parcel companies.
[0122] Explanation parts.
[0124] 1. Metal support box in stainless steel
[0126] 2. Vibrating box in Coled Rolled steel
[0128] 3. Tension springs ( four ( 4) upper springs and four ( 4) lower springs)
[0130] 4. Electric linear actuator ( impulse impact system)
[0132] 5. Accelerometer type sensor ( Axial)
[0134] 6. Accelerometer type sensor ( Radial)
[0136] EXAMPLE 3.
[0137] Identification in Containers
[0139] This system presents a clear example of one of the fundamental characteristics of the invention, which is portability.
[0141] According to figures 6 and 7, which show from two angles a container that includes the simplified system of the portable analysis equipment (10) in which the cushioned base or vibrating box will be the same container (1), which will be the object of analysis once it is hoisted by the mobile harbor crane (not shown).
[0142] The system of figures 8 and 9, which obeys the portable impulse system (10), adheres to the container using electromagnets (12). Said portable impulse system (10) will be in charge of producing the vibration and will be coupled to the container (2) when it is hoisted, supported by two sensorization systems, one exactly opposite the container (axial direction) (14) and the other on any of the other available faces of the container (radial direction) (13). The system will receive the signal to enable the linear pulse actuator (4) by radio frequency and the sensing system (13, 14) will send the spectrum information also by radio frequency. This prototype has an industrial use applied to the transport sector and in this case specific to the analysis of the internal content of the containers.
[0144] Figures 8, 9 and 9a detail the portable impulse system based on a flat base (10) with four holding electromagnets (12), a control system based on power electronics (21) controlled by radio frequency (20 ) and an electric linear actuator (4) for the impact system.
[0146] Explanation of the parts
[0148] Portable boost system, parts explanation.
[0150] 4. Electric linear actuator ( impulse impact system)
[0152] 8. Electric linear actuator ( pistil that will impact the container)
[0154] 10. Flat plate
[0156] 12. Electromagnets ( four holding electromagnets)
[0158] 20. Radio frequency reception system to control the electric linear actuator
[0160] 21. Electromagnet power control system and electric linear actuator
[0162] Figures 10 and 11 detail the portable sensorization system (13, 14) comprising on a flat base with two holding electromagnets (12), a system for sending spectrum, control and monitoring by radio frequency (23) and a sensorization system based on two accelerometer-type sensors (5).
[0163] Explanation of the parts
[0165] 23. Radio frequency spectrum delivery system
[0166] 5. Accelerometer type sensor
[0168] 13, 14. Flat plate
[0170] 12. Electromagnets ( two holding electromagnets)
[0172] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0174] Figure 1. Flow diagram of the process to generate the signature analysis of the product.
[0176] Figure 2. Equipment or system of the invention for material quality analysis.
[0178] Figure 3. Vibrating inner box for parcel identification.
[0180] Figure 4. Equipment or system of the invention for parcel analysis including the external and internal box.
[0182] Figure 5. Equipment or system of the invention for parcel analysis including the external and internal box, front view.
[0184] Figure 6. Equipment or system of the invention for container identification.
[0186] Figure 7. Equipment or system of the invention for container identification rear view.
[0188] Figure 8. Portable system of the invention, front view.
[0189] Figure 9. Rear view of the portable system of the invention.
[0191] Figure 10. Portable system sensor system, front view.
[0193] Figure 11. Portable system sensor system, rear view

权利要求:
Claims (7)
[1]
1. A vibration scanner or equipment comprising:
a cushioned base or vibrating box (2) for the element or product to be analyzed
a dynamic impulse system (4) to impact and produce a vibration wave in the damped base or vibrating box (2),
accelerometer sensors (5,6), located axially and radially to the damped base or vibrating box (2), to capture the vibration wave and extract axial and radial vibration information from the damped base or vibrating box (2),
a computer equipment to acquire the vibratory signal and to classify a subsequent treatment, classified, saved and comparison, where the computer equipment generates a signature of the analysis of the vibration spectrum of the element or product.
[2]
2. The equipment or vibration scanner of claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises a static base (1).
[3]
3. The equipment or vibration scanner of claim 2 characterized in that the damped base or vibrating box (2) comprises springs (3) to hold the static base (1) to the vibrating box (2) and allow the free oscillation of the cushioned base or vibrating box (2).
[4]
4. The equipment or vibration scanner of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the damped base or vibrating box (2) is a container once it is hoisted, where the dynamic impulse system (4) is a mobile crane.
[5]
5. The equipment or vibration scanner of claim 4 characterized in that the static base (1) is included in the mobile port crane.
[6]
6. Procedure for analyzing an element that includes:
to. placing the product or element to be analyzed inside the vibrating box or on top of the cushioned base ( 2) of the equipment or scanner of one of claims 1 - 5;
b. start the application of the extraction and saving software of the resulting signal or code;
c. impacting the vibrating box or damped base ( 2) with the percussion system or linear actuator ( 4);
d. capture the vibration signal by vibration sensors or accelerometers ( 5,6) located axially and radially to the damped base, to capture the vibration wave and extract axial and radial vibration information from the damped base or vibrating box (2);
and. verify and compare the resulting signals or codes;
F. save the resulting signature of the product or item.
[7]
7. Method of analysis of an element according to claim 8 which further comprises
g. compare the saved signature against the signature database and identify the one with the greatest similarity;
h. Visually inform which product or products are similar, the same or similar according to the application.

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引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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US8571829B2|2008-07-11|2013-10-29|University Of Washington Through Its Center For Commercialization|Detecting objects in shipping containers by vibration spectral analysis|

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JP6293537B2|2014-03-19|2018-03-14|株式会社東芝|Inspection system and abnormality detection method|

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法律状态:
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优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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CONC2018/0009118A|CO2018009118A1|2018-08-29|2018-08-29|Equipment for the analysis of the vibration spectrum in materials|

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PCT/CO2019/000007|WO2020043220A1|2018-08-29|2019-06-07|Equipment for analysing the vibration spectrum in materials|

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